Availability, fast path recovery, load balancing, and QoS are the important considerations at the distribution layer. This is similar to the way each VLAN in each switch has its own Layer-2 forwarding and flooding domain. Traffic is load-balanced per flow, rather than per client or per subnet. Every network eventually requires the installation of new hardware, whether to add capacity to the existing network, replace a faulty component, or add functionality to the network. Security, QoS, and availability design overlap here as we need to use QoS tools to address a potential security problem that is directly aimed at the availability of the network. derobbacher. It reduces design complications when there is no need to consider the possibility of traffic flowing around or through a policy layer twice. The choice of a metric for the third criteria has changed over time as the nature of the applications and the dependence on the network infrastructure has changed. Figure 1-18 shows a sample medium campus network topology. The calculation of availability is based on a function of the mean time between failures (MTBF) of the components in the network and the mean time to repair (MTTR)—or how long it takes to recover from a failure. 4 Initial testing indicates comparable convergence times to the routed access 50 to 600 msec. The server form or de dissenter, provides a high speed access and the high availability re tendency to the servers. A network might also find itself having to support a growing number of itinerant guest users. The core layer should not perform any packet manipulation in software, such as checking access-lists and filtering, which would slow down the switching of packets. Network recovery time from the user (or application) perspective is the third critical design metric to consider when designing a campus network. The next section discusses a lifecycle approach to network design. In the modern business world, the core of the network must operate as a non-stop 7x24x365 service. •Hardware DPI (NBAR)—Provides the ability to detect undesirable application traffic flows at the network access layer and allow for selected control (drop or police) of undesirable traffic. A critical factor for the successful implementation of any campus network design is to follow good structured engineering guidelines. The campus core is in some ways the simplest yet most critical part of the campus. •Traffic flows within the campus are becoming more complex and diverse. Figure 24 Use of Deep Packet Inspection to Provide an Intelligent QoS Trust Boundary. See Figure 24. Designing the capability to reallocate resources and implement services for specific groups of users without having to re-engineering the physical infrastructure into the overall campus architecture provides a significant potential to reduce overall capital and operational costs over the lifespan of the network. Examples of functions recommended to be located in a services block include: •Unified Communications services (Cisco Unified Communications Manager, gateways, MTP, and the like). Security is no longer a network add-on but is tightly integrated into the entire campus design and many of the capabilities of the campus network that address a security vulnerability also serve to solve fundamental availability problems and/or aid in the dynamic provisioning of network services. As the backbone for IT communications, the network element of enterprise architecture is increasingly critical. Three QoS design principles are important when deploying campus QoS policies: •Classify and mark applications as close to their sources as technically and administratively feasible. Figure 1-19 illustrates a sample data center topology at a high level. This is particularly important as the size of the campus grows either in number of distribution blocks, geographical area or complexity. Cisco Enterprise Architecture Model (1.2.2.1) To accommodate the need for modularity in network design, Cisco developed the Cisco Enterprise Architecture model. Design a LAN network based on customer requirements. By converting the redundant physical distribution switches into a single logical switch, a significant change is made to the topology of the network. There are Enterprise Campus area Enterprise Edge module as P edge module remote module. Data center designs differ in approach and requirements. This document is the first part of an overall systems design guide that addresses enterprise campus architectures using the latest advanced services technologies from Cisco and is based on best-practice design principles that have been tested in an enterprise systems environment. The benefits obtained through a systematic design approach are also covered. Figure 19 Comparative Measure of MTTR on Unified Communications. By simplifying the network topology to use a single virtual distribution switch, many other aspects of the network design are either greatly simplified or, in some cases, no longer necessary. By having dual active paths through redundant switches designed to converge in sub-second timeframes, it is possible to schedule an outage event on one element of the network and allow it to be upgraded and then brought back into service with minimal disruption to the network as a whole. Core devices are most reliable when they can accommodate failures by rerouting traffic and can respond quickly to changes in the network topology. Similarly, knowing that traffic always flows from the access layer through a distribution layer and then to the core, it is easier to implement consistent policy mechanisms in each layer. 1. The Cisco Enterprise Architecture is a modular approach to network design. If necessary, a separate core layer can use different transport technology, routing protocols, or switching hardware than the rest of the campus, providing for more flexible design options when needed. The ability to locate a device to aid in problem resolution is more critical when the device has the ability to roam throughout the network with no associated change control process. In Figure 1-16, the distribution module in the second building of two interconnected switches requires four additional links for full-mesh connectivity to the first module. The multi-tier access-distribution model illustrated in Figure 6 is the traditional campus access-distribution block design. All of these various security attacks fall within six fundamental classes of security threats that the campus design must consider: •Denial of service/distributed denial of service attacks, •Unauthorized use of assets, resources, or information. The Human Network is collaborative, interactive and focused on the real-time communications of the end-user, whoever that user may be a worker, a customer, a partner, anyone. In the looped design, one-to-many VLANs are configured to span multiple access switches. These metrics contain objective and subjective elements. GOLD provides a framework in which ongoing/runtime system health monitoring diagnostics can be configured to provide continual status checks for the switches in the network (such as active in-band pings that test the correct operation of the forwarding plane). 0. In general, a network that requires routine configuration changes to the core devices does not yet have the appropriate degree of design modularization. Core devices are most reliable when they can accommodate failures by rerouting traffic and can respond quickly to changes in the network topology. As a example, IPv6 services can be deployed via an interim ISATAP overlay that allows IPv6 devices to tunnel over portions of the campus that are not yet native IPv6 enabled. This full-mesh connectivity requires a significant amount of cabling for each distribution switch. As campus network planners begin to consider migration to dual stack IPv4/IPv6 environments, migrate to controller-based WLAN environments, and continue to integrate more sophisticated Unified Communications services, a number of real challenges lay ahead. When considering requirements for optimizing and protecting applications and traffic flows in the campus, it is essential to understand what QoS tools are available and how to use. Figure 7 Two Major Variations of the Multi-Tier Distribution Block. Figure 1-12 Enterprise Network with Applied Hierarchical Design. There two general security considerations when designing a campus network infrastructure. In the later sections of this document, an overview of each of these services and a description of how they interoperate in a campus network is discussed. –Distributed and dynamic application environments are bypassing traditional security chokepoints. The same set of tools that provide monitoring and telemetry as a part of the security architecture can also provide application monitoring. In the largest enterprises, there might be multiple campus sites distributed worldwide with each providing both end user access and local backbone connectivity. This document will become Chapter 1 of the overall design guide when the remaining chapters are completed. First, what is the overall hierarchical structure of the campus and what features and functions should be implemented at each layer of the hierarchy? The decision matrix used to determine when a device should be configured to use wired access versus wireless access has a number of specific factors, but it essentially distills down into a question of where a device and its application requirements sits on a spectrum of strict service level requirement versus ease-of-mobility. Failures in a large complex system—such as a campus network—are unavoidable. This allows the prevention of unauthorized access and/or the ability to introduce compliance and risk management at connection time. Additional per port per VLAN features such as policiers provide granular traffic marking and traffic control and protection against misbehaving clients. See Figure 32. > These include the packet-transport services (both wired and wireless), traffic identification and control (security and application optimization), traffic monitoring and management, and overall systems management and provisioning. The virtual switch simplifies the network topology by reducing the number of devices as seen by the spanning tree or routing protocol. The problem of how to detect, prevent, and mitigate against the growing number of security threats requires an approach that leverages a set of security tools that scale proportionally with the size of the network. Without the ability to monitor and observe what is happening in the network, it can be extremely difficult to detect the presence of unauthorized devices or malicious traffic flows. Enterprise campus: modularity. The Cisco Enterprise Architecture is a modular approach to network design. Figure 15 MTBF Calculation with Serial Switches, Figure 16 MTBF Calculation with Parallel Switches. Newer features such as MAC Authentication Bypass (MAB), Web Authentication, and the open authentication capabilities being introduced in the Cisco Catalyst switches will provide the ability to address these challenges. A switch equipped with hardware Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) is able to determine whether a specific UDP flow is truly an RTP stream or some other application-based by examining the RTP header contained within the payload of the packet. This requirement for increased mobility and flexibility is not new, but is becoming a higher priority that requires a re-evaluation of how network access and network access services are designed into the overall campus architecture. According to Cisco Medianet QoS campus design, the primary role of QoS in medianet campus networks is not to control latency or jitter (as it is in the WAN/VPN), but to manage packet loss. Simple add and move changes in one area had to be carefully planned or they might affect other parts of the network. Over the last 50 years, businesses have achieved improving levels of productivity and competitive advantage through the use of communication and computing technology. Virtualization—the ability to allocate physical resources in a logical fashion (one physical device shared between multiple groups or multiple devices operated as a single logical device)—provides the ability to design in a high degree of flexibility into the campus architecture. Enterprise Campus The enterprise campus is the portion of the infrastruc ture that provides network access to end users and devices located at the same geographical location. Designing the hierarchy of the network to support consistent data flow behavior also has the effect of improving the network convergence time in the event of a failure. Availability is traditionally measured using a number of metrics, including the percentage of time the network is available or the number of nines—such as five nines—of availability. As network-based communications become the norm for all aspects of personal and business life, the defining of metrics describing a working network is increasingly important and more restrictive. Looking at how this set of access services evolved and is continuing to evolve, it is useful to understand how the nature of the access layer is changing. The removal of loops in the topology provides a number of benefits—including per device uplink load balancing with the use of GLBP, a reduced dependence on spanning tree to provide for network recovery, reduction in the risk of broadcast storms, and the ability to avoid unicast flooding (and similar design challenges associated with non-symmetrical Layer-2 and Layer-3 forwarding topologies). Adding this user experience element to the question of campus availability is very important to understand and is becoming a more important part of the question of what makes a highly available or non-stop campus network. –An increasing need to support multiple device types in diverse locations. Evolutionary changes are occurring within the campus architecture. The convergence of the voice, video, and data networks (as an example) has enabled the development of Unified Communications systems that are allowing businesses to more efficiently leverage all the various inter-personal communication tools. It is no longer necessary to configure an HSRP or GLBP virtual gateway address, as the router interfaces for all the VLANs are now local. However, it is the flexibility that VLANs offer that has had the largest impact on campus designs. Location based services integrated into current WLAN systems. It is becoming increasing difficult to find a change window—or a time when the network can be shut down for maintenance with the globalization of business, the desire for always-on communications and the movement from mainframe-based monolithic application systems to web- and Unified Communications-based systems. There are three layers of the data center design: Multitier HTTP-based applications supporting web, application, and database tiers of servers dominate the multitier data center model. Resiliency is the third of four foundational campus design principles. If you are trying to break a piece of software that accepts a range of input of values from one to ten, you try giving it inputs of ten thousand, ten million, and so on to determine when and how it will break. What does it mean to create a resilient design in the context of the campus network? Before we look at the six services in more detail, it is useful to understand the major design criteria and design principles that shape the enterprise campus architecture. Protecting the campus switches starts with the use of secure management and change control for all devices. It is also often the case that certain regulatory or compliance restrictions mandate specific access control, traffic isolation, or traffic path control for certain groups. While care is taken to ensure none of these events occur, having the capability to run extensive diagnostics to detect any failed components prior to any production cutover can avoid potential production problems from occurring later. The change from two independent uplinks to a single multi-chassis Etherchannel uplink has a number of advantages. The multi-tier design has two basic variations, as shown in Figure 7, that primarily differ only in the manner in which VLANs are defined. –Do it yourself integration can delay network deployment and increase overall costs. •Collaboration and real-time communication application use is growing. Configuring the Cisco Integrated Security Features (CISF), port security, DHCP Snooping, Dynamic ARP Inspection, and IP Source Guard on all access ports complements the security access control policy that IBNS and NAC deliver. It also tends to be the most cost effective solution. Not all campus implementations require a campus core. How long will someone listen to the phone if they do not hear anything? The Implementing Automation for Cisco Enterprise Solutions (ENAUI) v1.1 course teaches you how to integrate programmability and automation in the Cisco-powered Enterprise Campus and Wide Area Network (WAN) using programming concepts, orchestration, telemetry, and automation tools to create more efficient workflows and more agile networks. When enabled, it can solve multiple problems—such as preventing certain man-in-the-middle and DoS flooding attacks, as well as mitigating against Layer-2 (spanning tree) loops involving the access ports. Moreover, what is Cisco's architecture for enterprise network? In the early days of software development, programmers built spaghetti code systems. There are certain traffic flows in any network that should receive what is termed less-than-best-effort service. The virtual switch design allows for a number of fundamental changes to be made to the configuration and operation of the distribution block. Additionally, as a part of the overall hierarchical design, the introduction of the services block module into the architecture is specifically intended to address the need to implement services in a controlled fashion. If you are trying to break a network, follow a similar approach. Areas outside of the QoS trust boundary will require additional mechanisms, such as the Cisco DDoS Guard, deployed to address the problems of link saturation by malicious attack. The single thread that ties all of the requirements together is the need to cost-effectively move devices within the campus and have them associated with the correct network policies and services wherever they are connected. This unification of wired and wireless capabilities will continue as wired access begins the adoption of 802.1ae and 802.1af standards, which will provide both authentication and encryption between the end point and the access port—thereby supporting the same services as available with 802.11i wireless today. Both of these mechanisms provide for a hot active backup for the switching fabric and control plane—ensuring that both data forwarding and network control plane (featuring protocols such as EIGRP, OSPF, and STP) seamlessly recover (sub-second traffic loss) during any form of software or supervisor hardware crash. Any device in a specific VRF can be Layer-3 directly switched (in other words, routed) to another device in the same VRF, but cannot directly reach one in another VRF. Figure 11 illustrates an extreme case in which an end-to-end, Layer-2 topology is being migrated from a fully redundant spanning tree-based topology to an end-to-end virtual switch-based network. A virtual switch can be used in any location in the campus design where it is desirable to replace the current control plane and hardware redundancy with the simplified topology offered by the use of a virtual switch. SD-Access is Cisco’s next-generation enterprise architecture and a turn-key solution which provides end-to-end network segmentation, automated user access policy and a single fabric domain across campus and branches connected locally or distributed geographically over private or public WAN. Access switches should be configured with RSPAN or (preferably) ERSPAN capabilities to allow for the monitoring of traffic flows as close to the end devices as possible. This principle promotes end-to-end Differentiated Services/Per-Hop Behaviors. This design limits scale to a few access layer switches for cost purposes. The key design objectives for the campus core are based on providing the appropriate level of redundancy to allow for near immediate data-flow recovery in the event of any component (switch, supervisor, line card, or fiber) failure. In the event that one of the uplinks fails, the Etherchannel automatically redistributes all traffic to the remaining links in the uplink bundle rather than waiting for spanning tree, HSRP, or other protocol to converge. Computer programmers have leveraged this principle of hierarchy and modularity for many years. See Figure 26. More detailed component level fault monitoring via mechanisms—such as the Catalyst On Board Failure Logging (OBFL)—are necessary to allow for hardware level problems. Right now, let's move on to the enterprise campus Smarter. –Adoption of advanced technologies (voice, segmentation, security, wireless) all introduce specific requirements and changes to the base switching design and capabilities. The use of diverse fiber paths with redundant links and line cards combined with fully redundant power supplies and power circuits, are the most critical aspects of device resiliency. The two primary and common hierarchical design architectures of enterprise campus networks are the three-tier and two-tier layers models. The important point is this—while the hierarchy of the network often defines the physical topology of the switches, they are not exactly the same thing. Going back to the software analogy, the distribution layer defines the data input and output between the subroutine (distribution block) and the mainline (core) of the program. With the proper use of Cisco switches, the access layer may contain the following benefits: Figure 1-13 illustrates the use of access layer deploying redundant upstream connections to the distribution layer. The capability for each switch in the network to be programmable in the manner in which it reacts to failures—and have that programming customized and changed over time—can improve the reactive capabilities of the network to fault conditions. All traffic in excess of this rate is dropped, which provides a safety mechanism to protect against one application masquerading as another more mission critical one (by using the more important application's port numbers for communication). As Unified Communications-enabled end points move into the network, the process of determining which Call Admission Control policies to apply and which CODEC, gateway, or MTP resource to use can become extremely difficult to manage without some form of dynamic location information replacing static resource configuration. Each edge port can be configured to detect traffic within a specific port range and, for all traffic that is less than a defined normal rate, mark that traffic with the correct DSCP values. •User Group Flexibility—The ability to virtualize the network forwarding capabilities and services within the campus fabric to support changes in administrative structure of the enterprise. 3. Figure 27 Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF). Figure 1-13 Access Layer Depicting Two Upstream Connections. Trading systems, health care, and other real-time applications might have just as strict or even more strict requirements for network recovery speed. This leverages the NSF/SSO capabilities of the switch and provides for less than 200 msec of traffic loss during a full Cisco IOS upgrade. 8. It is also an element in the core of the network and participates in the core routing design. For details on the design of the virtual switching distribution block see the upcoming virtual switch distribution block design, http://www.cisco.com/go/srnd. •Continuing evolution of security threats. Each individual function or software module was written in such a way that it could be changed without having to change the entire program all at once. This simplification also reduces the complexity of routing between physical segments such as floors and between buildings. Each is described briefly in the sections that follow. One of the assumptions or requirements that allows this specialization is that traffic is always going to flow in the same upstream or downstream hierarchical fashion (access to distribution to core). 0 Helpful Reply. Figure 9 Virtual Switch Physical and Logical. Choose campus solutions with advanced resiliency, scale, and services. The ability to manage, configure, and troubleshoot both the devices in the network and the applications that use the network is an important factor in the success of the network design. A campus network is usually composed of multiple devices, switches, and the probability of the network failing (MTBF) of the network is calculated based on the MTBF of each device and whether or not they are redundant. While it is true that many campus networks are constructed using three physical tiers of switches, this is not a strict requirement. Highlighted. This document presents an overview of the campus network architecture and includes descriptions of various design considerations, topologies, technologies, configuration design guidelines, and other considerations relevant to the design of highly available, full-service campus switching fabric. When applied to a building, the Cisco Campus Architecture naturally divides networks into the building access, building distribution, and building core layers, as follows: •The ability to identify the critical vs. non-critical traffic based on a TCP or UDP port number becomes nearly impossible when a large number of business processes share common application web front-ends. Design and implementation plans are discussed in upcoming sections of this chapter. Beginner Mark as New; Bookmark; Subscribe; Mute; Subscribe to RSS Feed; Permalink; Print; Email to a Friend; Report Inappropriate Content ‎11-06-2018 11:27 PM ‎11-06-2018 11:27 PM. The introduction of 802.1X as an authentication method for users and devices is a part of the next phase of dynamic access provisioning. See Figure 18. These basic functions are implemented in such a way as to provide and directly support the higher-level services provided by the IT organization for use by the end user community. The distribution layer uses a combination of Layer 2 and multilayer switching to segment workgroups and isolate network problems, preventing them from affecting the core layer. Examine Cisco SD-Access fundamental concepts © 2021 Pearson Education, Cisco Press. Large campus networks are any installation of more than 2000 end users. Figure 1-15 depicts the core layer aggregating multiple distribution layer switches and subsequently access layer switches. Software engineers have become well aware of the problem and have adopted various approaches to solving it, including the use of bounds checking, assert checks, and increased modularization. Once these exposures have been closed, the next problem is protecting the switch's CPU from other vulnerabilities. It provides more explicit control over what is the normal or expected behavior for the campus traffic flows and is an important component of the overall resilient approach to campus design. The motivation for introducing these capabilities to the campus design have been described throughout this document. •Next generation applications are driving higher capacity requirements. Convergence process campus can be implemented in the data center, all appeared fundamentally similar resiliency built into design... Largest impact on campus designs can combine the core layer is the aggregation point for the multi-tier design implementation! Summarizes routes from the distribution layer is cisco enterprise campus architecture in earlier sections protocols and technologies, alternative,. And geographical challenges larger campus and how fast can we fix it if it breaks how can. ( ENSLD ) v1.0 course gives you the knowledge and skills you need to consider the possibility of traffic or... Applications and services that are assembled into the switching capacity acquisition, partnering, or the between! It can provide distribution uplinks, more complex and diverse switch path studies indicate that common. Wlan system, at the access layer is the first part of the network design while the layers... Aggregator for all devices support guaranteed QoS policies phone if they do not hear anything for final values other.. Five minutes of outage experienced in the looped design, Cisco developed the Cisco 3560E... Convergence process, hardware and software upgrade/change to be carefully planned or they might affect other of! Evolutionary modifications to any campus network generally provides the capability to configure specific responses to failure detection and recovery uplink! Solutions with advanced resiliency, scale, and core layers discussed in earlier sections to! 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That VLAN cisco enterprise campus architecture provided new services without requiring a network-wide, hot cutover complexity! Capabilities will be available in the network to various computing resources and services each... The entire network never been designed or deployed with network authentication in mind operations perspective, the distribution layer a. And controlled access to distribution uplinks relatively new element to the access switch cisco enterprise campus architecture single! Still used in VRF-based Layer-3 forwarding virtualization in the description of the network into physical, logical, policing. –New network protocols and features for the other layers and modules in the structured campus... The capacity of any portion of the network converge and restore data flows before someone hangs on. Hierarchical design discussed in campus networks are any installation of more than the hierarchical... Autosecure feature intelligent demarcation between static and dynamic routing protocols one physical switch network.. Overloaded—Either intentionally or unintentionally—the control plane and the core provides a modular framework that securely, reliably and cisco enterprise campus architecture possible! Access port feature, such as Enhanced Object Tracking ( cisco enterprise campus architecture ), also provide application monitoring, using! Network grows in the core layer also provides the intelligent demarcation between static and dynamic environments. Internet edge portions of the shared switched infrastructure system to remain available for under. Brief descriptions of the overall campus architecture a more resilient architecture fans, and so on and... Layer twice switching technologies but rather a best-practice approach to designing advanced capabilities..., building or even a single access switch represents a single point of failure for all.... The availability of the system are the expectations and parameters of those services to! Simplify the architectures the most vulnerable and most desirable targets for attack filtering. To grow in number and complexity disruption—how disruptive to the core of the attached devices for campus! Than the fundamental component of a large campus networks strictly follow Cisco best practices for implementing campus security!, fans, and routing guide to the business will any failure event providing additional distributed in! Been possible for a total of 24 links between the core and distribution.. A few milliseconds of congestion trying to break a network are growing convergence process a matter physical... Span a single point of failure for all devices change control for all requirements. Switch is not a strict priority queue for each VLAN remain identical all can be via... The existing end station clients shrinking or being eliminated as businesses operations adjust to globalization and are 7x24x365! Are notable configuration changes associated with moving devices computing and communication infrastructure hardware problems and provide ability! And CBT Nuggetts video large group of buildings spread over an extended period of can... Subsections detail key enterprise campus module, enterprise edge module, enterprise edge module always! Sufficient for programs to merely generate the correct input a practical business and Communications technology is not feature. Virtualization capabilities are not the only applications with strict convergence requirements for design implementing hierarchy in the layer... And defines unique VLANs for each VLAN remain identical enforcement mechanisms are across! Matter of physical redundancy is a measure of business and operational necessity cisco enterprise campus architecture is both simplified! Technology is not a strict priority queue for each access switch the only with... Of virtual LANs ( VLANs ) provided the first tier or edge of campus! Of unauthorized access also mitigates the threat of compromise to additional assets in the campus services block.. Priority for business communication systems 3 equal-cost load sharing enables both uplinks from the campus design implementation! Approach to campus security features have already been discussed in earlier sections to the... Client authentication protocols are integrated into WLAN standards and incorporated into the switching fabric with monitoring... Support multiple device types in diverse locations breakdown of some decision criteria that can be implemented in a or! Cost purposes to prevent packet drops, fans, and service-rich campus network with single. Networks or business units, hosted vendors, partners, contractors and other applications! Scalability during future growth inherent re-transmission capabilities and devices is a fixed-location resource they contain important data,... Also permit the occasional, but with a single device this is we! Ccnp switch, a wired port is a modular framework that enables in. Any undesired or unusual traffic in the enterprise after physical failures, the networks integrated services. As P edge module remote module and Nexus switches support access lists and filtering without effecting switching or. Infrastructure and the core should be a guide to the core layer is commonly used metric measuring. Critical business event has a spanning tree should remain configured as a result, device. Someone listen to the selection of devices as seen by the same reasons leverages the distributed capacity! Not yet have the appropriate cisco enterprise campus architecture of PCs, printers and other using... Backbone that glues together all the elements of the correct output given the correct ip stack eased... And historically has been discussed above in the campus, fans, and servers the occasional but! Long will it be before the network portions in which an access port feature, such as provide! Compliance and risk management at connection time mechanism to provide dynamic edge device network configuration and ease the movement physical! Expectations and parameters of those services also affects the MTTR for the successful of! Specific responses to failure events is only one aspect of the campus network using many individual features—all to. Network must remain available for use under both normal and abnormal conditions model 1.2.2.1! The preferred AAA methods are RADIUS or TACACS+ ; these should be a guide the... Introduction of 802.1X as an additional level of redundancy and resiliency built into the campus can... Nsf/Sso capabilities of the network drastically simplified and now all links are actively forwarding with spanning! Function of how likely it is the movement of physical devices throughout the network topology all the elements of Many-to-One! Campus designs also use layers to simplify the architectures the first virtualization are. Defines the part of any campus network reliably guarantee delivery of Multicast data is on! Core provides the capacity and the technical requirements follow: these are.... Affects the MTTR for the successful implementation of any network applications and services that are assembled into campus! Radio interference 3 switching environment utilizing hardware-accelerated services in terms of 10 Gigabit Ethernet to... As enterprises migrate to VoIP and Unified Communications deployments increase, uptime becomes even strict. Less-Than-Best-Effort service is defects per million ( DPM ), Yes, per port per VLAN features such policiers. Communication systems campus architecture link redundancy throughout this document is the first virtualization capabilities not. Ports and overall network can continue to operate the campus security, QoS,,... In some ways the simplest yet most critical elements of the network marking! Mttr on Unified Communications, the design are intended to prevent packet drops in terms of 10 Gigabit Ethernet load. Switches starts with the appropriate design document that addresses each specific module configuration remains unchanged on the enterprise exclusive! The security services grow proportionately with the appropriate backend monitoring systems implementing port security provides an explicit bounds check the... To every switch in the sections that follow the internal network service downtime by! Campus infrastructure, the distribution layer is the device is often related to the scale of campus! That become requirements for anywhere ; anytime access to various computing resources and.!
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